CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER AND STATE BORDER IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the current state and development prospects of citizen participa- tion in the protection of public order and the state border in Ukraine under martial law and during post-war recovery. The study outlines the challenges that arise in the functioning of public formations responsible for protecting public order and the state border. The authors emphasize that, despite the historical tradition of involving the population in maintaining law and order and public safety, such participation is often fragmented, localized, and, in many cases, declarative at the present stage. In particular, these public formations frequently lack adequate funding, organizational support, systematic training, and cooperation with the National Police or the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Additionally, the article considers examples of court rulings that have ordered the dissolution of certain formations due to the formal nature of their activities.Against the backdrop of national practices, the article provides a detailed review of international experiences from Central and Western European countries (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Germany), where effective and legally regulated models of interaction between the police, municipalities, and volunteer public associations are in place. These models are based on transparent procedures, local budget funding, government oversight, and mandatory training for members of the formations. Special attention is given to the experience of Hungary, where volunteer guards have become an integral part of the system for maintaining law and order and ensuring public safety.In conclusion, the authors substantiate the need to establish standardized (unified) models of public formations in Ukraine for the protection of public order and the state border. These models should feature a centralized structure, clear hierarchy, defined legal status, consistent funding, and established connections with territorial law enforcement agencies.